Identifying veins, recognizing and evaluating rich areas, determining optimal routes for extraction, selecting suitable locations for trenches and stockpiles, as well as estimating and determining mineral reserves, are all essential stages in the process of mineral exploration and extraction.

Preparing thin and polished sections of rock or mineral samples for studies in mineralogy and identifying their constituent elements is a key step in the Earth sciences. These sections are analyzed to examine the microscopic and structural features of minerals using optical or electron microscopes.

Biochemical analysis examines biological substances' chemicals. Assaying measures concentration, enrichment increases a substance's concentration, and purity percentage shows the active ingredient's proportion

Extraction and obtaining metals and raw materials from mines, as well as acquiring metallic minerals and strategic elements